The importance of vocabulary skills for the enhancement of reading comprehension level among freshmen college of marketing management free essay sample

A person’s jargon is the arrangement of words inside a language that are natural to that individual. A jargon as a rule creates with age, and fills in as a helpful and essential device for correspondence and getting information. Gaining a broad jargon is perhaps the biggest test in learning. Be that as it may, jargon is the focal point of language and the significant part of any language. The more the jargon the understudies have, the simpler the understudy builds up the sentence. Understudies regularly get challenges to comprehend what they read since they frequently locate some troublesome words in text. Perusing without significance will make them exhausted. Jargon and perusing are two things firmly identified with one another. One can't appreciate a perusing entry well in the event that he doesn't have the foggiest idea or comprehend jargon since jargon is one of the fundamental component to construct understanding section. For that we should worry with the jargon improvement since it is expected that there is close connection transport between the extents of one’s jargon with scholarly one handling in understanding cognizance. We will compose a custom exposition test on The significance of jargon aptitudes for the upgrade of perusing understanding level among first year recruits school of promoting the executives or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That way to quit expanding one’s jargon is to stop scholarly perusing cognizance development. Perusing is the mother of all examination aptitude. It is one of the most important aptitudes an individual can obtain it is a mind boggling process. Perusing isn't only a capacity to perceive composed or printed words, however it likewise alludes to putting significance to what you read and drawing brought together idea of what is perused. The perusing capacity assumes a focal job in showing learning accomplishment at all instructive stages. Having any trouble in this ability will bring about assortment of outcomes. Perception is the pinnacle of the understanding aptitudes and the fundamental for all understanding procedures. The aptitudes, for example, getting the right importance examining the author’s perspective and applying what one gains from perusing to genuine circumstance are what establish â€Å"reading comprehension†. It is considered by some specialist as a definitive goal of the perusing procedure since he doesn't fathom what he read is considered as though he has not perused. Foundation OF THE STUDY Vocabulary ability is one of etymological highlights, which impacts the open fitness. Paulston et al (1976: 55) express that the one thing that meddles most with our understudies open skill is pitiable jargon and we have as of late come to acknowledge the way that our understudy have been correct every one of these years when they whined about not knowing and not being shown adequate words. The above explanation uncovers that jargon aptitude is significant yet understudies are exceptionally feeble in it. Besides, Hammer (1991: 23) resources that for a long time that jargon was viewed as valuable to the principle reason for language instructing, to be specific the securing of syntactic information about the language. Jargon was important to give understudy something to suspend on learning structures, yet was habitually not a principle center for learning itself. Words are fundamental structure squares of language; in reality endurance level of correspondence can take fathomably when individuals basically connect words together with no syntactic guidelines applied by any stretch of the imagination. So on the off chance that we keen on being informative, words are among the main thing to take care of. Some examination discoveries additionally unveil that understudies who have procured more jargon things, they will be bound to explain and convey the back rub. Along these lines, subsequently their accomplishment in talking abilities is better that the individuals who are shy of jargon understanding or have procured less jargon things. Lamentably numerous educators continue instructing and learning as a dull procedure. They talk officially before the class, give a few clarifications, read some information’s from the books, show the materials and understudies continue watching and tuning in to the instructor. Understudies do less investment in the class exercises and don't have wide opportunity to get out what they have realized. Larsen and Freeman (2000:126) expressed that games are significant in light of the fact that they share certain element practically speaking with genuine informative occasions there is a reason to the trade. Additionally, the speaker gets quick input from the audience on whether the individual has effectively imparted. In this 3 way, they can arrange meaning. At last having understudies work in a little gatherings augments the measure of open practice their get. These marvels can be clarified by the condition that there are numerous first year recruits understudies and educators who despite everything experience issues in introducing English in their classes. The English educators ought to consistently attempt to utilize various procedures and strategy of instructing jargon. The media they for the most part use are now natural to the understudies, for example, PCs or force point introductions. Proclamation OF THE PROBLEM This examination which concentrated on the significance of jargon abilities in reding appreciation intended to respond to the accompanying inquiries: 1. Respondent’sProfile: a. Sex; and b. Age 2. What can jargon abilities help the respondents in understanding perception? 3. What challenges do the respondents experience jargon? 4. In what manner would students be able to improve completely their own jargon abilities? 5. What is the significance of jargon aptitudes for the upgrade of understanding appreciation? * You can without much of a stretch appreciate an understanding book. *Advance commonality in the word. Theory In accordance with the issues planned: 1. To comprehend what can jargon aptitudes help in perusing cognizance 2. To discover the challenges in learning jargon. 3. To perceive in what manner would respondents be able to improve completely their own jargon aptitudes. Extension AND DELIMITATION This examination was bound in deciding the degree of jargon aptitudes of the understudies. In any case, this investigation is constrained to manage the instructing of jargon through understanding section. It is proposed to improve the understudies perusing cognizance aptitude. The respondents were the 50 rookies school of Marketing Management joined up with second semester school year 2013-2014 at University of Caloocan City. Hugeness OF THE STUDY The investigation was directed to decide the significance of jargon abilities for the improvement of perusing cognizance level among rookies understudies of showcasing the board in University of Caloocan City. Toward the finish of the examination, coming up next are the people that will profit by the investigation: To the School Administrators They may put due accentuation in the educational plan on the significance of jargon aptitudes in perusing appreciation in English. To the Professors This examination may increase important bits of knowledge on the utilization of jargon rehearses in building up the oral relational abilities of the understudies in target dialects, while giving them pleasure all the while. To the Students They will have the option to evaluate the significance of these jargon aptitudes in their investigations. To the Parents Will have the option to give their youngsters to have perusing materials, for example, reading material and writer books at home. To the Future Researchers They may utilize this examination as reference or guide in their exploration. Meaning OF TERMS The definitions are planned to maintain a strategic distance from the uncertainty in comprehension or forestalling a few terms utilized in this investigation. Perusing Process of significance elaboration; thinking corresponding to composed image. Perusing Comprehension-The action or capacity to comprehend discourse from printed language thatis related one peruses. Perusing Passage-A demonstration of understanding something. Jargon The supply of words utilized in language. Part 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Local Literature In doing its examination of the surviving exploration in understanding perception, the NRP (National Reading Panel) noted three overwhelming subjects in the exploration on the advancement of perusing cognizance abilities. The jargon directions, connection between the peruser and the content and planning of instructors. The significance of jargon information has for some time been perceived in the improvement of understanding abilities. As right on time as 1924, analysts noticed that development in perusing power implies nonstop development in word information. Jargon is fundamentally significant in oral understanding guidance. (Whipple, 1925) To decide how jargon can best be instructed and identified with the perusing perception process, the NRP analyzed in excess of 20,000 examination references distinguished through electronic and manual writing look. The investigations explored recommend that jargon guidance prompts gains in understanding, yet that strategies must be fitting to the age and capacity of the peruser. The utilization of PCs in jargon guidance was seen as more powerful than some conventional strategies in a couple of studies. It is plainly developing as a possibly significant guide to study hall educators in the zone of jargon guidance. Jargon likewise can be adapted unexpectedly with regards to storybook perusing or in tuning in to other people. Learning words before perusing a book likewise is useful. (National Reading Panel, 2011) Foreign Literature Vocabulary is very much perceived as a fundamental segment of perusing capability with relationships among's jargon and perusing understanding evaluations running from . 6 to . 7 (Anderson Freebody, 1981). This isn't unexpected since it has been assessed that satisfactory perusing perception relies upon an individual knowing somewhere in the range of 90% and 95% of the words in a book (Hu Nation, 2000). Understudies who will become capable perusers ordinarily have bigger vocabularies than battling perusers as ahead of schedule as preschool, and this bit of leeway will in general develop after some time (Graves, Brunetti, Slater ,1982; Graves Slater, 1

All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels Free Essays

One of the establishing standards of the Kentucky Education Reform Act is the explanation that â€Å"All youngsters can learn and most at elevated levels. † With numerous states having a noteworthy accomplishment hole between different understudies, it is getting increasingly essential to hold exclusive standards for all understudies. I accept that all kids can learn and most at elevated levels. We will compose a custom article test on All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now In any case, my point is that not all the youngsters can learn at significant levels in a similar field. As we probably am aware the understudy is the subject of instruction. Instruction expects to develope students’ learning potential. Be that as it may, youngsters from various situations have contrasts in their physiology, knowledge, capacity, bent, intrigue, character characteristics and enthusiastic turn of events. In this way a few youngsters may increase an incredible accomplishment in music while some others may in math. In the event that we can teach them as per their characters and individual needs, most kids can learn at significant levels. American instructor John Dewey (John Dewey ,1859-1952) has called attention to that there are versatility and reliance during the time spent one’s development. This implies the advancement of a youngster has boundless prospects. The antiquated Chinese instructor, the Confucius set forward the possibility that â€Å"No Child Left Behind† and † Teach understudies as per their bent. † This can be viewed as the act of the idea that â€Å"every kid can learn and most at high levels†. In this way, regardless of whether antiquated or current, Western or Eastern, teachers all hold a similar idea. We need youngsters to have the option to learn and achievement, the key is the educator. An expert, high-caliber and eager educator will be a favorable luck to the youngsters. This is the reason self-improvement is a need to instructors. During these long periods of training I met a ton of difficulties to affirm the unique needs of kids and develope their learning certainty. I generally attempt my best to support every youngster and empower them. To instruct an understudy well needs the exertion of all gatherings including guardians, educators and networks. As a home class educator, I join all the gatherings well to improve students’ learning limits and help them to frame away from of themselves. In the event that my classmates can tap the entirety of their possibilities, that will be an incredible accomplishment to me as an educator. These days, the opposition is exceptionally wild. Instructors have the commitment to teach their understudies to be progressively serious in certain zone in the general public. We don’t reserve the privilege to surrender any of the youngsters. Today, we need to surrender the youngster. Tomorrow, the kid may surrender the general public. Society will address a greater expense. Instructions to refer to All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels, Papers

Whose Church Is the True Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whose Church Is the True Church - Essay Example The procedure includes becoming acquainted with the zone in which the congregation is to be arranged. Comprehension of how the gospel is comprehended is additionally significant in the foundation of the congregation. To begin a congregation, understanding from both the amateurs of the congregation, and the individuals it is intended for is significant (Elaine 30). Getting individuals to comprehend what the crucial the subsequent stage that would help the gathering in the arrangement of the congregation. In becoming more acquainted with the specific perspectives that accompany the beginning of another congregation, the mission is to know who the congregation is being begun for. It ought to likewise recognize its primary objectives and destinations on the off chance that it needs to exceed expectations in the journey to get the message out. The congregation could be for either two gatherings of individuals. These are the de-churched or the non-churched. The de-churched were once church goers yet don't go to chapel any longer. In any case, the non-churched essentially allude to those that don't have any desire to go to for one explanation or the other (Elaine 34). The amateurs of these places of worship need to know the social decent variety of the individuals they mean to spread the gospel to. They could be ethnic, class driven, the way of life they drove, and the hard of hearing or even non-ethnic broadening. Becoming more acquainted with this is basic in the start of the congregation (Elaine 36). The creator proceeds to guarantee that building the congregation for just one gathering of individuals isn't right. The creator expresses the contention the God, the Supreme Being, is the maker everything being equal and; hence, no one has the privilege to remove that. Building holy places while under the understanding that the word voyages quicker if the gathering of individuals from a similar shared opinion isn't right. The fundamental point the creator is attempting to put across is the different decisions that ought to be accessible. Learners of places of worship ought to think about the making of a different church society. This is going to build the choices for everybody as opposed to only one gathering of individuals. Likewise, they ought to consider the

Scholarships + Taxes Everything You Need to Know

Paying for a college education with scholarships is an amazing opportunity. Since scholarship money doesnt have to be paid back, it allows students to graduate with less debt by making it easier to avoid student loans. But many students (and parents) wonder, do you have to pay taxes on scholarships? Or are scholarships tax-free?Taxes are always a complicated issue, mainly because every households situation is different. But when it comes to scholarships and taxes, there are only two scenarios students, and their families need to contend with, making it simpler to figure out whether the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) considers the award income.If you or your student are confused about scholarships and taxes, heres everything you need to know.Contents1 Do You Have to Pay Taxes on Scholarships?1.1 Untaxed Scholarship Funds1.2 Taxable Scholarship Funds1.3 Taxable Stipend Scholarships1.4 Is There a Scholarship Tax Credit?2 How to File Taxes for Scholarships3 Is There a Special Tax Form fo r Scholarship Income?4 Do You Have to Make Estimated Tax Payments on Scholarship Funds?5 Is It Worth Dealing with Scholarships and Taxes?Do You Have to Pay Taxes on Scholarships?When your student lands a scholarship, two scenarios can play out. In one case, the answer to the do you pay taxes on scholarships question is no. In the other, the answer is yes. Thats what makes scholarships and taxes so confusing.However, which side of the line your students scholarships fall on is pretty cut and dry. Taxes on scholarships are based on how the money is used. That means all awards can potentially be tax free scholarships. However, it also creates a situation where any award could be subject to a scholarship income tax.Untaxed Scholarship FundsThe IRS is pretty generous when it comes to scholarships and taxes, making it possible to avoid the awards counting as taxable income by spending the money in the right way.In most cases, your student doesnt have to pay taxes on college scholarships i f the cash is spent on qualified educational expenses (based on the IRS definition). Qualifying educational expenses include:TuitionFees (including mandatory student activity fees)BooksEquipment and Supplies (listed as must-haves for the course)Essentially, if the expense is a requirement for enrolling in the college or a particular class, your student usually wont owe taxes on the scholarship funds used to pay that cost.It also doesnt matter if your student pays the money to the college. For example, if your student opts to buy their books online instead of at a campus bookstore, that is still a qualifying educational expense.It is important to note when it comes to scholarships and taxes, optional equipment, supplies, and material might not be considered qualifying educational expenses. For instance, if your student buys a book from the campus bookstore that is not on the required list (even if it could be relevant to their education), that book might not meet the IRSs definition. Taxable Scholarship FundsScholarship money not used on qualifying educational expenses is considered taxable income. This includes funds spent on other expenses as well as any your student chooses to save for a rainy day.Regardless of whether the money is used to pay the school or any other business or institution, these costs are not qualifying educational expenses in the eyes of the IRS:Room and BoardInsuranceMedical Costs (including student health fees)TransportationUtilitiesEquipment or Supplies Not Required for a Qualifying CourseOther Living or Personal ExpensesSimilarly, money spent on sports that are not part of credit-earning courses does not qualify. Unless the sport is part of an actual degree plan, any scholarship money spent on it is taxable. The same goes for hobbies, games, or social events.Taxable Stipend ScholarshipsWhile most scholarship awards used on qualifying educational expenses are not taxed, if your students scholarship includes a stipend, that money is usua lly considered income.A stipend is money given in exchange for a service. For example, if your student receives a scholarship in exchange for assistant teaching a class, that money is income and therefore taxable.This caveat also applies to scholarships given that require the promise of future services. Playing off that last example, if your student is a freshman, accepts the scholarship, and that scholarship is compensation for a commitment to assistant teach when they are a senior, that is a stipend and is taxable income.Usually, stipends occur more for graduate student scholarships than undergraduate students. However, that doesnt mean there arent undergrad scholarships out there with stipends, so it is important to be aware of this scenario when you are trying to understand scholarships and taxes.Is There a Scholarship Tax Credit?There isnt technically a scholarship tax credit. However, if some of your students scholarship funds qualify as taxable income, they may be eligible fo r an education credit that can lower their tax burden.Essentially, the IRS does not allow a student to use the credit on expenses paid with tax-free scholarships. But, if a scholarship becomes taxable income, your student can use educational credits to offset the cost of any additional qualifying educational expenses that werent covered with tax-free scholarship money.Usually, this scenario doesnt occur. However, if your student happens to end up in this situation, they may get some tax relief.How to File Taxes for ScholarshipsIf all of the funds are spent on qualifying educational expenses, your student is in luck. That scholarship is tax free, so your student doesnt have to worry about reporting it on their taxes at all.But, if some or all of the money is taxable, filing taxes on the scholarship is a must. Luckily, filing taxes for scholarships is pretty straightforward. In most cases, the awarding organization will provide your student with a W-2 (the same as they would get from an employer), and the taxable income amount will be listed in Box 1. That number in Box 1 then gets listed on Line 7 of IRS Form 1040 when your student files their taxes.In rare cases where a W-2 isnt provided, that doesnt mean your student doesnt have to report any taxable scholarship income. Instead, they need to calculate the amount of taxable income, put it on Line 7 of IRS Form 1040, and enter SCH on the dotted line next to Line 7.If your student struggles to figure out their scholarships and taxes because they arent certain if they spent money on qualifying educational expenses, their school answers at least part of that question. The college will issue a 1098-T, and that can serve as a guide.Is There a Special Tax Form for Scholarship Income?No, there isnt a tax form specifically for handling scholarship funds. Your student will only need to complete IRS Form 1040 to report the taxable scholarship income.Do You Have to Make Estimated Tax Payments on Scholarship Funds?If part or all of your students scholarship is taxable, they may need to make quarterly estimated tax payments based on that money qualifying as income. Since taxes are not automatically withheld from scholarships (like they are from traditional employer paychecks), they might need to make payments during the year to satisfy the IRS requirements, similar to how self-employed individuals have to manage their tax obligations.Whether your student needs to pay estimated taxes on the scholarship awards depends on their unique situation. However, the IRS has a quick online interview that can help your student figure it out: Am I Required to Make Estimated Tax Payments?Is It Worth Dealing with Scholarships and Taxes?In nearly every case, dealing with scholarships and taxes is worth it. Even if a scholarship becomes taxable income, your student pays much less in taxes on the award than the full value of the scholarship. Additionally, it may help them avoid costly student loans, the cumulative inter est on which will usually exceed the amount your student would pay in scholarship taxes incredibly quickly.Ultimately, scholarships are a cost-effective option, even if your student has to pay taxes on the money. If you and your student want to learn more about where to find and how to land scholarships,attend our free college scholarship webinar! Head to http://thescholarshipsystem.com/freewebinar to sign up.

Criticisms on the Studies of World History Essay - 1989 Words

In the late twentieth century, the study of world history has emerged to allow both historians and students to understand the world from a global perspective. World history is viewed to be part of the academic field than the research field. According to Charles Hedrick, author of The Ethics of World History, Western civilization was the main course taught in schools and universities before world history became part of the curriculum. The need to understand the world in a broader perspective compared to a Western perspective made the study of world history popular in the United States. Historians approached the study of world history with a thematic approach to understand the integration and difference between people and major events of†¦show more content†¦This is most noticeable in patriotic world history. The development of world history from the Right created the â€Å"patriotic world history.† This approached to world history advocated American values and accompl ishments. Patriotic world history most obvious criticism is its Eurocentric perspective on world history. The patriotic world history serves its purpose by â€Å"legitimiz[ing] particular political values.† It focuses on the values and experiences of European and Euro-American, while treating other societies as paths to avoid. Sometime patriotic world history â€Å"goes so far as to exclude most of the world’s peoples and societies from world history.† This approach is far from the original goals of world history to understand integration and differences between people and events without compromising other societies. Another criticism of patriotic world history is the lack of professional historians. Two advocates of patriotic world historians are Paul Ganon and Diane Ravitch. While they have a degree in history, they lack the qualification of a professional historian. 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Children With Bipolar Disorder The National Institute Of...

Sabrina Peters Research Essay Child Adolescent Dev. Professor Wissman November 5, 2015 Children with Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health has defined bipolar disorder as a serious mental illness that is marked by extreme changes in mood that range between two states: manic and depressive. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is classified as a mood disorder. This disorder goes beyond the typical ups and downs. Bipolar disorder is becoming more prevalent amongst children and teenagers and it is seen as a much more serious medical condition than it has in the past. A manic episode is characterized by feeling the following: very happy, excited, impulsive, show a short temper, talk really fast about a†¦show more content†¦was 1.3 per 10,000 and in 2004 that number jumped to 7.3 children per 10,000. In their article for Bipolar Disorder Treatment, authors J. Segal, R. Segal, and Smith explained that there is not just one type of bipolar disorder; in fact there are several different types of bipolar disorders. One type of bipolar disorder, which is the most commonly known, the Bipolar I Disorder (mania and depression). This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode. The vast majority of those who suffer from bipolar I disorder have also experienced at least one episode of major depression, however, it is said that it is not required for the diagnosis. The second type of bipolar disorder is Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania and depression). This type of disorder does not actually involve mania like the first type did. Instead of mania, there are recurring episodes of major depression and hypomania, which is a milder form of mania. To be diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, you must have experienced at least one hypomanic episode and one m ajor depressive episode in your lifetime. The last type of bipolar disorder is Cyclothymia (hypomania and mild depression). This is a milder form of bipolar. Consistent with bipolar disorder, it shows the mood swings. However in contrast, the highs and lows are not severe enough to be considered or qualify as mania or major depression. In order to be diagnosed with cyclothymia, you must Children With Bipolar Disorder The National Institute Of... Sabrina Peters Research Essay Professor Wissman November 5, 2015 Children with Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health has defined bipolar disorder as a serious mental illness that is marked by extreme changes in mood that range between two states: manic and depressive. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is classified as a mood disorder. This disorder goes beyond the typical ups and downs. Bipolar disorder is becoming more prevalent and a much more serious medical condition. A manic episode is characterized by feeling the following: very happy, excited, impulsive, show a short temper, talk really fast about a lot of different things, trouble sleeping or not tired, and trouble focusing (National†¦show more content†¦In their article for Bipolar Disorder Treatment, authors J. Segal, R. Segal, and Smith explained that there is not just one type of bipolar disorder; in fact there are several different types of bipolar disorders. One type of bipolar disorder, which is the most commonly known, the Bipolar I Disorder (mania and depression). Th is type of bipolar disorder is characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode. The vast majority of those who suffer from bipolar I disorder have also experienced at least one episode of major depression, however, it is said that it is not required for the diagnosis. The second type of bipolar disorder is Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania and depression). This type of disorder does not actually involve mania like the first type did. Instead of mania, there are recurring episodes of major depression and hypomania, which is a milder form of mania. To be diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, you must have experienced at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode in your lifetime. The last type of bipolar disorder is Cyclothymia (hypomania and mild depression). This is a milder form of bipolar. Consistent with bipolar disorder, it shows the mood swings. However in contrast, the highs and lows are not severe enough to be considered or qualify as mania or major depression. In order to be diagnosed with cyclothymia, you must experience periods of hypomania and mild depression over at least a two-year time span. This is due

Generic Competitive Strategies-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss Which One Of The Five Generic Competitive Strategies Is Virgin Galactic Employing? Answer: Porters Generic competitive Strategies are ways of competing with other organisations in the market. According to Ibrahim (2015), this competitive strategy actually determines whether the profitability of a firm is above or below the industry average. It is when the average profitability is above the industry, the organisation can be said to have competitive advantage in the long run. Porters showed two basic types of competitive advantages as enjoyed by the organisations. These are low cost and differentiation strategies. These are the basic means that the organisations undertake at times in a combined way to achieve competitiveness in the market where it operates (Becerra, Santal Silva, 2013). These two competitive strategies have leaded to three generic strategies that would help an organisation to achieve above average strategies and better performance in the industry. These three generic strategies are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Again, the focus strategy has tw o other variants; these are, cost focus and the differentiation focus. Fig: Porters Competitive Generic Model (Source: Becerra, Santal Silva, 2013) In the case study, it has been found that the Virgin Galactic group has come up with a completely new and innovative approach where the group will start offering spaceflights to the customers. The company wants to design a robust spaceship called Virgin Galactic that would offer customers to travel to space and have an orbital journey and then come back to the only habitable planet. Richards Branson vision is to introduce space tourism to the consumers. The idea is to make opportunities for people to become astronauts and visit space in lieu of a huge amount of money. For the same purpose, it has been found that the Virgin Galactic had also taken $25, 000 deposits from people who want to ensure their flight to be booked in advanced, while the actual price of the ticket has been kept as high as $200, 000. The confidence that the Virgin group showed towards their venture showed that the dream can be easily turned into reality. Among the keenly interested passengers, Stephen Hawking, Ka ty Perry, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are few names worthy to be mentioned. The company has already come up with the physics and chemistry behind the launch of this vehicle that would take people far away from the earth. All it requires is now the accomplishment of the plan to see the reality that has always been a dream for people. Keeping this particular case study and the business venture into consideration, it can be said that the Virgin group is definitely undertaking the approach of product differentiation strategy as part of the business strategy. The three generic strategies can be explained here: Cost Leadership: The idea of the cost leadership strategy is to offer the particular product or service in the lowest possible price to the consumers in the market. As commented by Lechner and Gudmundsson, (2014), cost of products is definitely a vital factor when it comes to consumer decision making. Therefore, considering the price or rate of the product is important and in fact a lower priced product has the chances of higher selling in the market. In order to offer the product at a lower rate, the organisation needs to manage the cost required for the manufacturing of the product. This is when the concept of cost leadership comes to play. The idea of cost leadership is when s firm sets out to become the low cost producer in the industry where it operates. The cost leadership strategy include the pursuit of the economies of scale, the proprietary technology and the preferential access to the required raw materials and other things for the manufacturing of the particular goods (Bre nes, Montoya Ciravegna, 2014). It is when the organisation will be able to gain the cost advantage, it would become a low cost producer in the industry and will be an above the average performer. Aligning this factor with the idea of Virgin group, it is clearly evident that the company is not at all looking for cost leadership strategy because the business idea that has been proposed requires huge investment and there is no scope for reducing the price in terms of its raw materials or products. Therefore, this particular factor can be easily rejected from the given factors of Porters Generic Forces. Differentiation: The second generic factor is the differentiation. The idea is to serve a unique product or service that will be equally acceptable by the consumers because the product will be best from all the dimensions. The differentiation strategy is based on the concept buyers would perceive the product to be important as it will uniquely serve the needs of the people (Herzallah, Gutirrez-Gutirrez and Munoz Rosas, 2014). In fact, this product can also be rewarded with a premium price for the uniqueness that it will serve. The differentiation strategy can be rightly aligned with the case study as the idea is to introduce a completely new venture of taking people from the earth to the outer space. The cost and expenditure on these ventures are not low but it requires lot of money that is easily been appreciated by the interested people because they have been found to make advance payment for the future venture. Focus: The third strategy is focus when there is a narrow scope of competition within the industry. The particular business head selects a particular area of business and they expand in that direction. Moreover, in this particular strategy, the organisation also selects a particular target group of people for whom the business will be proposed (Riasi, 2015). This is the method of serving exclusive service or product to the particular target group. From the case study, it can be clearly stated that the Virgin group has focused on creating a completely new business venture that would create hype among the target group of people. In this case, the Virgin Group has also selected a particular target group of people as well. The target group is the rich and wealthy people which can easily afford the high price that this venture demands (Cusumano, Kahl Suarez, 2015). At the same time, the science enthusiasts as well who want to know about the uniqueness of this universe. The Focus generic strategy has also been broadly divided into two segments, these are: Cost focus: In the cost focus strategy, the particular firm looks into the cost advantage among the target segment in order to achieve more profitability in the business. Differentiation focus strategy: This is another narrowed down feature of the business strategy where the organisation makes focus on the difference in the product or the service offered by the organisation considering the target group of consumers. It is important to consider the particular target group segment to which the product can be sold (Prajogo, 2016). Therefore, it can be easily said that the business strategy as undertaken by the Virgin group is definitely the differentiation focus strategy. As commented by Porter and Heppelmann, (2015), the focus strategy delivers certain competitive advantages to a particular organisation in terms of serving the rivals and offering a better product or service to the consumers. In this respect, it can be easily said that the target group of people were selected prior to thinking about the business. The idea of sending people to the space and to create thousands of astronauts cannot be considered as a product idea for the common people but this has been definitely done for the sake of the rich people who can easily afford the price of the ticket required for flying high (Grant, 2016). In fact, from the case study it has also been evident that the organisation has also taken money from the interested candidates who want to visit the outside world. Therefore, there is no doubt that the competitive strategy as undertaken by the organisation is nothing but the focus differentiation strategy. There are certain points that need to be considered when an organisation undertakes the differentiation strategy. Primarily, the organisation needs to carry out detailed research and analysis of the market where it wants to operate (Teeratansirikool et al., 2013). As mentioned that the focused differentiation strategy aims towards a particular target group, delivering the best suitable product is the most important criteria. The ability of delivering the high quality service to the target group is the only major concern for the business. If these factors are not fulfilled then there remains the chance that the business venture will not be accepted by the target group and the business venture will not be a successful one. In such cases, risks will be inevitable and the organisation might have to suffer a lot (Porter Heppelmann, 2014). The differentiation strategy is not undertaken by large organisations because there remains the chance of risk. On the other hand, these organisations always prefer to undertake the cost differentiation strategy and look into the expenses behind the cost of manufacturing the product and offer the same to the consumers (Panwar et al., 2016). It cannot be denied that these are on-going strategies that are undertaken by the organisation in order to create a difference in the market and create a better market for itself that would increase the profitability of the organisation. With the detailed analysis on the Porters Generic Strategies, it can be said that the business strategy undertaken by the organisation is Focus Differentiation strategy where the company wanted to offer something new and unique to the people. The target group of people was fixed before proposing the idea and that they were the rich and wealthy people having crave for something unique to experience. The proposed business idea has not turned into reality till now but it has definitely created a stir among the particular group of people who want to gain the experience. The proposed strategy could be successful if the proposed plan is successfully carried on. There was no scope for undertaking other generic strategies as per the recommended business and this was the only suitable strategy for the business. It can be said that the business strategy should always be considered on the basis on the market condition and the target group of people as well and with it the other competitors pres ent in the market References: Becerra, M., Santal, J., Silva, R. (2013). Being better vs. being different: Differentiation, competition, and pricing strategies in the Spanish hotel industry.Tourism Management,34, 71-79. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517712000593 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Brenes, E. R., Montoya, D., Ciravegna, L. (2014). Differentiation strategies in emerging markets: The case of Latin American agribusinesses.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 847-855. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296313002683 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Cusumano, M. A., Kahl, S. J., Suarez, F. F. (2015). Services, industry evolution, and the competitive strategies of product firms.Strategic management journal,36(4), 559-575. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.2235/full [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=DTDvCQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP15dq=Grant,+R.+M.+(2016).+Contemporary+strategy+analysis:+Text+and+cases+edition.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=emIKhJh5-Asig=T5vIzqC-lWz2dwm1PE9pDsGxKpQ#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Herzallah, A. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., Munoz Rosas, J. F. (2014). Total quality management practices, competitive strategies and financial performance: the case of the Palestinian industrial SMEs.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(5-6), 635-649. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14783363.2013.824714 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Ibrahim, A. B. (2015). Strategy types and small firms' performance an empirical investigation.Journal of Small Business Strategy,4(1), 13-22. Available at: https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/view/268 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Lechner, C., Gudmundsson, S. V. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance.International Small Business Journal,32(1), 36-60. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0266242612455034 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Panwar, R., Nybakk, E., Hansen, E., Pinkse, J. (2016). The effect of small firms' competitive strategies on their community and environmental engagement.Journal of Cleaner Production,129, 578-585. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616302141 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Porter, M. E., Heppelmann, J. E. (2014). How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), 64-88. Available at: https://www.gospi.fr/IMG/pdf/porter-2014-hbr_how-smart-connected-products-are-transforming-competitionhbr-2014.pdf [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Porter, M. E., Heppelmann, J. E. (2015). How smart, connected products are transforming companies.Harvard Business Review,93(10), 96-114. Available at: https://lp.servicemax.com/rs/020-PCR-876/images/HBR-Connected-Products-Summary.pdf [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 241-249. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527315003114 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Riasi, A. (2015). Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model.Business Management and Strategy,6(2), 15-27. Available at: https://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/bms/article/view/8334 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y., Charoenngam, C. (2013). Competitive strategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(2), 168-184. Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/17410401311295722 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017] Yunna, W., Yisheng, Y. (2014). The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porters five forces and scenario model.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,40, 798-805. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114006911 [Accessed on: 15-8-2017]

Why Abortion is Immoral Essay Example

Why Abortion is Immoral? Essay The ethics of abortion is very complex and controversial as no single opinion whether it is moral to permit abortions exists. Abortion controversy has continued unabated maybe because the Supreme Court imposed the nation with the idea of abortion on demand. Therefore, Don Marquis, in his paper â€Å"Why abortion is Immoral?† provides his own arguments why abortion is the same as killing an adult or human being. The author is trying to provide alternative approach to the controversial debate. Marquis’ ideas are centered on whether to consider fetus a person. He claims that if fetus is considered a person, the he has all rights for life, but if he is not considered a person, then abortion should morally right. Marquis doesn’t try to discern the personhood of a fetus. He also tries to provide clear reasons whether it should be permissible to kill fetus. The most difficult, he says, is the question of morality: â€Å"Morally permissible abortions will be rare indeed unless, perhaps, they occur so early in pregnancy that a fetus is not yet definitely an individual†. (p.189) Marquis defends position that abortions are immoral as they brutalize the one who is willing to kill and is going to deprive from individual’s presence. The consequences of killing are that a person â€Å"deprives them of all the experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments that would otherwise have constituted ones future†. (p.191) Therefore, abortion is immoral as killing â€Å"inflicts one of the greatest possible losses on the victim†. (p.193) It means that future child is deprived from activities, experiences and enjoyments in his life – there are things he doesn’t enjoy now, but may does enjoy in future, but he is deprived of such chance. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion is Immoral? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion is Immoral? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion is Immoral? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Summing up, Marquis’ central argument is that abortion deprives others from their future. He sums up: â€Å"When I am killed, I am deprived both of what I now value, which would have been part of my future personal life, but also what I would come to value†. (p.195) It is necessary to agree that every child, either born or unborn, has the right to live. Works Cited Marquis, Don. Why Abortion is Immoral? The Journal of Philosophy, 86, 4 (1989): 183-202.

Moral Values Essays

Moral Values Essays Moral Values Essay Moral Values Essay The cloth of any society is held together by the criterions of morality that we maintain and pattern. Valuess are our personal set of beliefs about what is of import. unimportant. right. incorrect. good and bad. When we are confronted by picks. options. or moral quandary. the determinations we make will bespeak what values we hold. Human values give worthiness and regard to life. The foundation of human values are based on  · Dignity of human life  · Respect and consideration for the other  · The importance of unity and service  · An attitude of non-violence  · The person and corporate pursuit for peace and felicity. In other words. values are a sort of a map in our heads of how things are or should be. Valuess are merely our perceptual experience of the rules of nature that govern our lives or the existence. and non these rules themselves. Peoples think that there should be a specific set of rules protecting and regulating all human existences. However. others believe that values can be accepted in one civilization and rejected in another civilization. This thought is based on the belief that moral rules differ across civilizations. Our moral values are our beliefs about what is of import in life. Some values refer to how one should move ( be honest. selfless. self-restraining ) while other values refer to what one wants to carry through or obtain in life ( a batch of money. celebrity. a household. friendly relationships. universe peace ) . Because a individual can non have it all or be all things. precedences must be set and picks made. Puting your precedences frequently leads to value struggles. We may desire to be successful in your calling. but we may besides desire a more restful life style and more clip to pass with friends and household. Here. the value of success may come into struggle with the value of household. Some illustrations of moral values are: unity. regard. lovingness. justness. civic virtuousness. and openness. Anyhow I am disquieted about the fact that our society is in moral diminution. Morality is a really wide and complicated subject due to the fact that it is based chiefly on single sentiments. Moral values invariably change with the coevalss. However. most people would hold that today’s moral values are more tolerant of behavior that. a coevals ago. would hold been considered obscene and immoral. For illustration. sex on telecasting is accepted by today’s public as normal. but until the 1980s 1 could barely state the word sex on telecasting without being condemned. Yes. our society is presently in a rapid diminution of moral values. Judging by current statistics. all that one time was immoral is now considered moral. It seems as though people have lost their scruples and are now controlled by their milieus. The bulk of young person all over the universe know really small about Moral Valuess. Very frequently the behavior of kids in society proves that moral values are barely even a topic of importance. Today. the force and offenses frequently occur when a troubled adolescent or a delicate kid can non manage the force per unit area and emphasis of world. The influential factor of force spreads so easy ; a kid finds this influence merely by turning the telecasting set on. In fact. any intelligence channel unluckily shows the actions of adolescents perpetrating the violent act of slaying without any compunction. All of this animus and pandemonium within kids begin with non cognizing the difference between the right and the incorrect. But something should be done. The positive influence of faith. instruction. and equals greatly consequence a child’s mode and behavior. Traditional values and of import lessons from these beginnings surely help a kid to understand the differentiation between right and incorrect picks in life. An of import value for kids to be cognizant of is the benefit of faith. The church teaches kids to accept the being of a being higher than adult male and gives a kid the possibility to larn the moral values the manner the Bible nowadayss them. By understanding the duty of pick devising. immature people learn to believe about the effects or wake of their determination. Religion serves as a foundation for cognizing the difference between the right and the incorrect. The engagement of faith better prepares kids for certain troubles in life. The value of instruction is an of import tool that induces the growing of immature people to a more sophisticated degree. Education builds cognition and unity into the heads of kids. School besides guides kids off from problem ; with essays and math jobs. a kid has no clip for problem. Parents must stress the importance of instruction to their kids. Education strengthens the capablenesss of the young person. A kid becomes a better person when he experiences the goodness of church. instruction. and friendly relationship ; that is the relevance of values and lessons. In order for the state to minimise offense. the kids of this coevals must reassess their picks and duties in life. They besides need the aid of parents and instructors for counsel through the tough world of today’s determination devising. The purpose should be to bring forth morally feasible. responsible persons and non bookmans. Sadly today the virtuousnesss like honestness. unity and regard are considered old fashioned. There has been gradual eroding in these values. The turning offense rate among the kids in the developed states is a good case of deficiency of moral values. Whenever and wherever penchant is given to materialism over moral values. it leads to entire pandemonium. No 1 can be at peace. be it an person. a community. a state. or the whole universe. Moral instruction is non something that can be imposed on person from outside ; instead it is a manner of life. Fast altering society has its particular job – old societal constructions travel off and replaced by new 1s. Hence the old moral values get into the clang with the new 1s. and this is non a clang of different societal groups. this is a clash inside one individual. Market based society. which by its nature interruptions boundaries between persons. making more chances. creates moral jobs. As a consequence – there are two sets of beliing moral values in the person’s head and there is no balance. These are the illustrations – altering relationship between sexes. between employer and employee taking to the internal struggle of moral values. It is affair of great concern and sorrow that today upbringing means supplying good nutrient. apparels and luxuries of life merely. Moral values are no longer an built-in portion of a child’s rise uping up. Some old ages back. expansive parents provided moral instruction to expansive kids in the signifier of bedtime narratives. But with the coming of atomic households. moral instruction has become the duty of the educational establishments. But it should be the duty of the parents to convey out the best and divine in their kid. There is no more powerful animal for a kid than parents. The system of larning and version to the life and society in peculiar is based on hungry soaking up by childs of behavioral forms and thoughts from parents. Parents portion subconsciously and freely with their childs all they know up to the point. when childs get jobs. Actually it is really difficult to restrict voluntarily parental control. even harder to happen the right balance. At least subconsciously. grownups perceive their childs as a continuance of themselves. This perceptual experience produces protective and commanding behavior. which childs need to last and larn. However there is an of import kid’s need which grownups do non comprehend – the demand to larn how to do determinations and the demand to do them. I mean existent determinations. which carry serious effects. determinations which grownups make all the clip. which no grownup can avoid. and which grownups do non desire to avoid. because they are t he kernel of the life. Drugs and offense endanger the survival potency of young person and parents every bit good as pedagogues. They endanger children’s hereafter and endanger the really fabric of society. Drugs necessarily lead to ruined lives. Harmful actions and condemnable behavior bring sadness. and non merely for the victim but the culprit as good. In today’s universe. learning youth the difference between right and incorrect is non merely a good thought. it is a critical action that straight relates to the survival potency and felicity of kids and society. As an pedagogue and one who genuinely cares about the wellbeing and hereafter of our kids parents truly have an chance to assist immature people maneuver off and remain off from lives of drugs and offense. A small contemplation will demo that most of great work forces were great because they were more humane than the remainder of us. With entire pandemonium and dwindling moral values. and a huffy haste for stuff amenitiess. it has become clear that it is merely moral instruction that can convey consolation to the otherwise anguished psyche.

Legal Foundations of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legal Foundations of the European Union - Essay Example ented by the Luxembourg veto – the right of a state whose interests is at stake in a Commission proposal to invoke its veto power – which then became the usual scapegoat of Member States out of an EC legislative proposal. In addition, the EC expansion from six to nine members as well as the worldwide recession in 1974 contributed to the stalling of the European integration. However, the EC integration was not totally stopped as the community spirit continued to linger in some form or another. The European Political Cooperation was eventually established, European Community meetings became regular and the elections to the European Parliament began taking place. In 1986, the Single European Act (SEA) was passed – a historical watershed in the European integration – where the then 12-member states committed themselves, among others, to become one common economic market.1 On December 10, 1991, the Treaty of European Union also known as the Treaty of Maastricht was passed and this treaty introduced three important policies into the EU: monetary policy; fiscal policy, and; structural adjustment policy. It amended and extended the earlier Treaty of Rome with respect to the areas covered by the EC like the creation of a central banking system called the European System of Central Banks and paved the way for the creation of a new currency, the ECU, for the region.2 From then on, European integration was well on its way albeit the emergence of certain obstacles along the way like the rejection France and the Netherlands of the Constitutional Treaty in 2005 and recently,3 by the non-ratification of the Lisbon Treaty by the Irish Republic citizens in a public referendum.4 On October 29, 2004, the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was signed but as earlier stated it met a tragic fate as the countries of France and Netherlands failed to ratify the same and since ratification by all member countries was sine qua non to its existence, the treaty was therefore

The psychological implications of workplace violence Assignment

The psychological implications of workplace violence - Assignment Example Workplace violence is one of the major causes of fatalities in the workplace, especially for women. Violence in the workplace is a wicked and dangerous problem that deprives organizations with efficiency, high productivity, resources, and even the capacity to operate fully. Therefore, workplace violence remains a grave threat to employees and the larger community. This paper argues that victims of workplace violence experience perceived fear and psychological distress or mental problems immediately after the unpleasant incident. These negative outcomes of workplace violence cause dysfunctions in an organization. Hence it is important to implement effective prevention policies against workplace violence. Workplace violence is an issue that demands immediate consideration and prevention. An exact definition of workplace violence can generate more precise statistics and more effective strategies to deal with the issue. For the purposes of this paper, the International Labor Organization (ILO) definition of workplace violence is used (Privitera, 2010, 43): Internal workplace violence is that which takes place between workers, including managers and supervisors; and External workplace violence is that which takes place between workers (and managers and supervisors) and any other person present at the workplace. Although the above definition only highlights the physical features of workplace violence, it does indirectly imply the potential psychological impact of this incident on victims and third parties. Perceived Fear and the Psychological Effect of Workplace Violence Numerous studies have reported the effect of workplace violence on the victims’ psychological or emotional wellbeing, as well as on their self-perception. After a violent incident in the workplace, the victims, those who witnessed the violence, colleagues, peers, family, and other individuals in the organization may go through psychologically distressing outcomes. For the victims and their col leagues it is apparent that the workplace has become an unsafe place. Besides physical injuries, workplace violence usually leads to severe and incapacitating psychological impact. Some examples of the psychological impacts of violence in the workplace are lowered self-worth, distress, vulnerability, anger, fear, depression, denial, humiliation, and guilt. Several researchers have identified post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an outcome of violence in the workplace among those victimized. Several of the warning signs of PTSD are damaged concentration, weakened memory, recurrent nightmares, disturbance, isolation, bad temper, physiological stimulation, and anxiety (Cavanaugh et al., 2012). Moreover, according to Kamery (2004), employees usually blame themselves for their victimization, and quite often management provokes this self-blaming attitude. Victims of workplace violence immediately feel physical and psychological numbing, distress, denial, and suspicion. Immediately aft er the unpleasant incident, the victims go through three kinds of effects (Browne-Miller, 2012): (1) withdrawal effects such as truancy, social isolation; reliving effects such as nightmares, recollections; and (3) other effects such as excessive shock, anger, fear, and irritability. Employees who have been involved in interpersonal violence will perhaps suffer from a negative disposition and intensified fear at work. This consequently will lessen employee motivation and satisfaction at work (Mueller & Tschan, 2011). This discovery is significant because it is widely known that employee motivation and satisfaction are an exact determinant of voluntary turnover. Many studies have found out that the lower the employee motivation and satisfaction, the greater the likelihood of voluntary turnover. Thus it is apparent that not merely does workplace violence have a major and considerable psychological effect on victims and other people; in addition,

The Indictment of the United States in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Essay Example for Free

The Indictment of the United States in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Essay The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by John Steinbeck. In the bulk of modern literature, it is consider a masterful epic unmatched in the realm of the written word. The novel centers around a family of workers who are immigrants The Joads. When the novel takes place they are in California attempting to survive the scarce conditions of the depression. Steinbeck monitors and recounts the ups and downs of the family and their experiences in United States. The Grapes of Wrath is an indictment of the United States because much of the plot is Steinbecks commentary on the rampant capitalism which literary sucked the land and the people dry during the 1930s. The story is based on real life excerpts of John Steinbecks field research. The real life conflict was created by greedy business men, and lending institutions which bought up land and employed workers to farm. The majority of these workers were lower class immigrant families that were paid so little that their struggles have often been paralleled to that of slavery which plagued the United States in the 16th and 17th centuries. The old adage was particularly relevant when examining this novel, as the rich get richer, the poor end up dead worked to death. Steinbeck is not casual in his assault of capitalism and it not fearful to express his disgust for the supposed American dream. He has a clear political viewpoint and asserts: the great fact: when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away. And that companion fact: when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they will take by force what they need. And the little screaming fact that sounds throughout all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed. (333). A major theme developed by Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath is his believe that the survive of the lower class is based on their dedication to family. His approach is a delicate mixture of Marxism and Socialism, both of which promote cooperative living. In the context of the time, Steinbecks beliefs were not just controversial but also dangerous. The United States went through a two periods in which the government hunted after individuals they considered unamerican, the 1920s and the 1950s. This novel was written in the the 1930s. However, Steinbeck intricately weaves a tale of family strife, struggle, and survival, in The Grapes of Wrath, which has become a beloved and honored classic since its publication. Steinbecks depiction of the devastating conditions during the 1930s is historically accurate. In particular, Steinbeck articulately describes what a Dust Bowl actually is and how it was created. He explains that the great plains experienced the greatest droughts ever during the great depression. The Dust Bowl was created due to lack of rain and also the over use of the land. Once pieces of land are over farmed they lose their nutrients and crops will not grow. These areas, once plush with grass and trees became â€Å"virtual deserts. † It was this drought which forced families, hungry and tired, to see out new hope in the west. The west promised folks clean and cheap living, and with access to regular work. Steinbeck describes the Dust Bowl in the following way, â€Å"The wind increased, steady, unbroken gusts. The dusts from the roads fluffed up and spread out and fell on the weeds besides the fields . . .the sky was darkened by the mixing dust, and the wind felt over the earth, loosened the dust, and carried it away. † For the people living in these devastated lands, this was a very accurate account as to what the â€Å"weather† was like for weeks and months. There are two general groups of people at conflict in the novel the rich bosses and the labor force. Steinbeck writes heart wrenching characters of the lower class which are just barely surviving. These workers are victimized by the greedy upper classes, their bodies treated like commodities. The audience can feel nothing but empathy for these immigrant workers who toil the land drawing figures in the dust with bare toes, (10), while the men that own the land [sit] in their cars to talk out of the window, (43), making money on the backs of the poor folk. Steinbeck explains that these capitalists have never done a day of hard work in their life and their only motive in using big earth augers into the ground for soil tests (43) is to squeeze more money from the land they own. Steinbeck is also quick to point out that farmers and these land owners are different. While landowners corrupt the land leaving it near death with their iron penes [and] orgasms set by gears [rape] methodically, [rape] without passion. (50). Whereas the farmer works with the land keeping it healthy. He explains A bank isnt like a man. Or an owner with fifty thousand acres, he isnt like a man either. Thats the monster. (46). Steinbeck does offer an alternate choice to this capitalistic nightmare which is represented by the Weedpatch Camp. This a town in which folks elect their own cops (400), and everyone who lives and works in the town has say about the choices are made. It is within Weedpatch, that all people including immigrant are treated fairly and with kindness. Steinbeck asserts that it is socialism that ensures that there is respect, and equality between all its citizens. It is in Weedpatch that Joads family ends up and while their struggle is not over, at least their victimization is. Steinbeck fully explores the cruel experiences that many migrant workers had to face in the 1930s and continue to face today. Steinbeck accurately and historically portrays the perils which many family has to overcome in the newly capitalistic culture in the United States.

Writing from the Center: The New York Times and the Florida Election Dispute :: Essays Papers

Writing from the Center: The New York Times and the Florida Election Dispute The result of the 2000 Presidential election was one of the most closely contested elections in our nation’s history. Soon after the polls closed, it became apparent that the final tally between the Democratic candidate Al Gore and the Republican candidate George W. Bush would be extremely close. Network news programs broadcast on election night well into the next morning as one candidate, then the other, seemed to gain the advantage. As the election results became more distinct, however, attention turned to Florida, where less than one thousand votes separated the candidates, with Bush enjoying a tenuous lead. Over the next few weeks the Florida election dispute went through several Byzantine twists and turns, with the Gore team pushing for—and in some cases getting—recounts of Gore‑friendly counties, and the Bush forces feverishly working to declare the whole matter settled and Bush the new President of the United States. Finally, in early December, the matter went to the United States Supreme Court. The Court decided in Bush v. Gore that there were insufficient grounds for continuing the recount process and in effect declared Bush the next President. The mainstream media—including The New York Times—were fixated with the entire electoral drama, with the story usually given the lead slot on the evening news or the front page of the newspaper. Yet after the Court handed down its decision, this coverage virtually ceased except for a cursory analysis of the Court’s decision. There was little attempt to question the basis of the Court’s ruling, or whether Gore would have had sufficient votes to achieve victory had a recount been allowed to proceed. Why? The answer, it seems, lies in the â€Å"centrist† bias of The New York Times. Jeff Cohen, the executive director of Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting has argued that mainstream media outlets such as The New York Times emphasize â€Å"syst em supporting news† that focuses on how well â€Å"the system works† in resolving difficult situations, rather than questioning the wisdom of the system itself.1 By comparing how the Times portrayed the aftermath of the Court decision with the coverage given by media outlets on the left (The Nation, Extra!) and outlets on the right (The National Review) we will be able to see the â€Å"centrist† bias of the Times and its editorial mandate to preserve the authority and status of â€Å"the system.

On the sidewalk bleeding Essay

Don’t judge a book by its cover. We all grow up listening and trying to live day in and day out following the metaphorical phrase. For most of us, this idiom means little however; Evan Hunter uses a character from On the Sidewalk Bleeding to influence the reader of its importance Andy is a young gang member growing up in the rough neighborhood of The Bronx. As a result, the attraction of membership leads Andy to join The Royals, a gang represented by a bright purple jacket. We are first made aware of Andy just after a rival gang member has fatally stabbed him. It is made clear to us that Andy is no stranger towards violence and gang culture even at his young age. He thought to himself â€Å"That was a fierce rumble, they got me good that time† indicating that fighting is a common occurrence for him that he is still unaware of how serious the stab wound is. As Andy lays helpless down a dark alleyway, we are made aware of three groups of public denying Andy help, a direct result of this appearance and his relationship with the gang culture. Most notably, one young couple is felt inclined to leave Andy helpless. The couple’s first reaction in finding Andy was â€Å"He’s a Royal† demonstrating the immediate prejudice. This is again reinforced when they leave him to die due to his gang connections, suggesting that because of this, he doesn’t deserve to get help. â€Å"We help him and the Guardians will be down our necks† It is also made clear that the Guardians are another rival gang. This is confirmed when Andy comments about these gangs being â€Å"two of the biggest† As the couple flee the scene, Andy thinks to himself, â€Å"Why are they afraid of the Guardians? I’ve never turkeyed out of a rumble with the Guardians† The emphasizing how Andy is no stranger to violence. However, Hunter positions the reader to understand what is beneath the purple jacket. Hunter demonstrates how Andy is simply a young and impulsive boy therefore is inclined to make poor decisions. In the first paragraph, Hunter uses the word ‘boy’ twice and also makes reference to his age, 16. The author’s intention is to create sympathy for Andy. He does this successfully because we relate the word ‘boy’ to someone who is young and naà ¯ve. The  reference to his age convinces us that everyone is inclined to make mistakes, especially at his age. Andy made one poor decision and he should not lose his life be cause of it. Hunter also reveals how Andy is a kind and caring person. The positive personality is evident when Andy talks about his girlfriend Laura, and his hopes and plans for his future with her. â€Å"Someday he would marry Laura, someday he would marry her and have lots of kids, and then move out of the neighborhood† Though this we learn how this gang member ship is just a phase that Andy is going through and how he wants to start a clean project with good opportunities. We also see how Andy believes in traditional values, not the norm of a gang member. This is further emphasized when we see him put Laura’s needs first â€Å"He wondered if Laura would be angry† Andy is also revealed as tenacious and determined, which are qualities that we admire. He realizes that â€Å"they had only stabbed the jacket and the title† Because of this, Andy was driven to take the jacket off, so when he was found, he would not be seen as a Royal, but just Andy. Andy’s determination is shown when he fights the pain just to remove his jacket. â€Å"With great effort, he rolled over onto his back. He felt great pain tearing at his stomach when he moved† Hunter also uses the verbs â€Å"squirmed and fought and twisted† These verbs have great impact on the reader because it develops our appreciation of just how determined and tenacious Andy is. Andy has taught us a very important lesson in the short story On the Sidewalk Bleeding. He has demonstrated how we are not all synonymous to our appearance. Evan Hunter conveys this throughout the text influencing us to understand how maybe we are inclined to make unsafe judgments based on appearances, or is it in our power to prevent it.

How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic

The vote was almost a side issue. When Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, reformed the tribal system of Rome, giving the vote to men who had not been members of the three original tribes, he increased the number of tribes and assigned people to them on the basis of geographic location rather than kinship ties. There were at least two main reasons for the extension of the suffrage, to increase the tax body and to add to the rolls of young men suitable for the military. Over the next couple of centuries, more tribes were added until there were 35 tribes in 241 B.C. The number of tribes remained stable and so new citizens were assigned to one of the 35 no matter where they lived. So much is pretty clear. Details are not so sure. For instance, we dont know whether Servius Tullius established any of the rural tribes or just the four urban ones. The importance of the tribes was lost when citizenship was extended to all free people in A.D. 212 by the terms of Constitutio Antoniniana. Posting Issues Roman assemblies were called to vote after notice of issues had been publicized. A magistrate published an edict in front of a contio (a public gathering) and then the issue was posted on a tablet in white paint, according to the University of Georgias Edward E. Best. Did Majority Rule? Romans voted in a couple of different groupings: by a tribe and by centuria (century). Each group, tribe or centuria had one vote. This vote was decided by majority vote of the constituents of said group (tribe or tribe or centuria), so within the group, each members vote counted as much as anyone elses, but not all groups were equally important. Candidates, who were voted on together even when there were multiple positions to fill, were counted as elected if they received the vote of one-half of the voting groups plus one, so if there were 35 tribes, the candidate won when he had received the support of 18 tribes. Polling Place Saepta (or ovile) is the word for the voting space. In the late Republic, it was an open wooden pen with probably 35 roped-off sections. It had been on the Campus Martius. The number of divisions is thought to have corresponded with the number of tribes. It was in the general area that both tribal groups and comitia centuriata held elections. At the end of the Republic, a marble structure replaced the wooden one. The Saepta would have held about 70,000 citizens, according to Edward E. Best. The Campus Martius was the field dedicated to the war god, and lay outside the sacred border or Pomoerium of Rome, as Classicist Jyri Vaahtera points out, which is significant because, in early years, Romans may have attended the assembly in arms, which didnt belong in the city. Voting was also held in the forum. Centuriate Voting Assembly The centuriae may also have been started by the 6th king or he might have inherited and augmented them. The Servian centuriae included about 170 centuriae of foot soldiers (infantry or pedites), 12 or 18 of equestrians, and a couple of others. How much wealth a family had determined which census class and therefore centuria its men fit in. The wealthiest infantry class had close to a majority of the centuriae and were also allowed to vote early, just after the cavalry whose first position in the metaphorical voting line (may have) earned them the label praerogativae. (It is from this use that we get the English word prerogative.) (Hall says that later after the system was reformed, the first [selected by lot] centuria to vote had the title of centuria praerogativa.) Should the vote of the wealthiest (infantry) first class and that of the cavalry be unanimous, there was no reason to go to the second class for their vote. The vote was by centuria in one of the assemblies, the comitia centuriata. Lily Ross Taylor thinks the members of a given centuria were from a variety of tribes. This process changed over time but is thought to have been the way the vote worked when the Servian Reforms were instituted. Tribal Voting Assembly In tribal elections, the voting order was decided by sortition, but there was an order of the tribes. We dont know exactly how it worked. Only one tribe might have been chosen by lot. There might have been a regular order for the tribes that the winner of the lottery was allowed to jump over. However it worked, the first tribe was known as principium. When a majority had been reached, the voting probably stopped, so if 18 tribes were unanimous, there was no reason for the remaining 17 to vote, and they didnt. The tribes voted per tabellam by ballot by 139 B.C., according to Ursula Hall. Voting in the Senate In the Senate, voting was visible and peer-pressure-driven: people voted by clustering around the speaker they supported. Roman Government in the Roman Republic The assemblies provided the democratic component of the mixed form of Roman government. There were also monarchic and aristocratic/oligarchic components. During the period of kings and the Imperial period, the monarchic element was dominant and visible in the personage of the king or emperor, but during the Republic, the monarchic element was elected annually and split in two. This split monarchy was the consulship whose power was deliberately curtailed. The Senate provided the aristocratic element. References The Centuriate Assembly before and after the Reform, by Lily Ross Taylor; The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 78, No. 4 (1957), pp. 337-354.Literacy and Roman Voting, by Edward E. Best; Historia 1974, pp. 428-438.The Origin of Latin suffrÄ gium, by Jyri Vaahtera; Glotta71. Bd., 1./2. H. (1993), pp. 66-80.Voting Procedure in Roman Assemblies, by Ursula Hall; Historia (Jul. 1964), pp. 267-306